Rhetoric is part manifesto, part Aristotle’s personal notes, both descriptive and prescriptive. He viewed these methods as ‘technical’ means through which to persuade, which have to be provided by the speaker, as opposed to preexisting facts or knowledge that people already have. 5īased on the three modes of persuasion and the three contexts of speech, Aristotle outlines the different ways that ethos, pathos and logos can be used to persuade an audience in Rhetoric. Epideictic speech either praises or blames someone. 5Įpideictic speech, unlike deliberative and judicial speech, isn’t aimed at persuading people to make a particular decision, but instead, to get people to believe in the goodness or evilness of a person. Judicial speech is always about things that happened in the past. Judicial speech occurs in a courtroom, where lawyers are either accusing or defending someone. 5 This means the audience is asked to consider things that will happen in the future. 5ĭeliberative speech contexts are situations in which the speaker is either advising the audience for or against doing something. Volume II of Rhetoric therefore examines three different kinds of public speech: deliberative speech, judicial speech and epideictic speech. He recognized that the context in which someone makes an appeal matters and might require different versions of each of the primary modes of persuasion. The first volume of his Rhetoric focused on these three modes of persuasion. Your car is on its last legs, so the question isn’t if, but when, you’ll have to buy a new one, and now is the best time for you economically.”Īristotle identified the three primary ways to make appeals in speech: ethos, pathos, and logos. “You should buy this car now because we have a 15% off sale.Heat causes exhaustion and irritation which helps explain the 5% increase in violent crimes on hot days.” “The rise of crime in summertime can be explained by examining the impact that heat has on the human body.“Of over 200 adults studied, we found that 97% benefited from taking our health supplement.”.Do you want her to suffer because we didn’t work towards equality now?” “If the fact that a gender wage gap still exists doesn’t affect you – consider your future daughter.“If we don’t stop using straws now, turtles will suffer, and so will we when they become extinct.”.Can you put a price on the safety of your spouse and kids?” “ Ring cameras don’t only help you monitor who comes in and inside your house – they can help you protect your loved ones.“Having dedicated much of my adult life to the study of nutrition, which resulted in a PhD in Health Sciences from Harvard, I can confidently recommend everyone eat five servings of fruit and vegetables a day.”.“My ten years in public service and my lifelong commitment to this community make me the ideal candidate to be your mayor.”.“4 out of 5 dentists with extensive knowledge on oral hygiene recommend this brand of toothpaste.”.1 If a company wants you to buy their all-purpose cleaner, they might persuade you by advertising that it “kills 98% of all bacteria and germs.” “ Lastly, logos is an appeal to logic or evidence, which often takes the form of statistics. For example, if the government makes an emotional plea that you have to recycle more because Earth is ‘dying,’ their emotive language might make you more likely to act. 1 Pulling at an audience’s heart strings can persuade them to listen. 1 For example, if your dad wants you to study business at school, he might say, “I’m older and have more life experience, therefore I know what’s best for you.” Since our behavior is influenced by so many different messages, what determines which information we listen to and which we ignore?Įthos, pathos and logos are three methods of persuasion: rhetorical appeals that influence decision-making.Įthos is an appeal to the authority and reputation of the speaker (or writer). Companies might try to get you to buy their product the government might urge you to recycle your family might advise your career path your friends might persuade you to party with them this weekend. Often, the aim is to influence our behavior in a particular way. We are bombarded with messages from companies, authorities, and family and friends on a daily basis.
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